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COMPUTERIZED CRIME TRACKING INFORMATION SYSTEM (CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA POLICE)

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Abstract

This project work intends to automate the existing criminal records of the Nigeria police using Enugu criminal investigating department. The essence was to produce durable criminal records and avoidable lost of criminal records. Structural database management system (DBMS) was used in its development in other to eliminate redundancy in the compilation, its friendliness in responding to the user exhibits and also its reliability and efficiency in tracking down criminals. Another important feature of this system was that it provides user with the facilities for having the hard copies or print out of any relevant 4 document as well as the facilities to communication with the system. Tracking is the observing of persons or objects on the move and supplying a timely ordered sequence of respective location data to a model e.g. capable to serve for depicting the motion on a display capability. The traditiona

1.1     Background of The Study

Man by nature is social, gregarious and cannot live in isolation. To maintain peace and harmony in the society, man has to fashion out conduct and some laws  to  govern  the  conduct  of  members  of  the  society.  When  people appreciate  these  codes  of  conduct  and  laws,  protection  of  lives  and properties are guaranteed.

Generally tracking is the observing of persons or objects on the move and

supplying a timely ordered sequence of respective location data to a model

e.g. capable to serve for depicting the motion on a display capability.

The  traditional  and  age-old  system of  intelligence  and  criminal  record

maintenance has failed to live up to the requirements of the existing crime

scenario.  Manual  processes  neither  provide  accurate,  reliable  and

comprehensive data round the clock nor does it help in trend prediction and

decision  support.  It  also  results  in  lower  productivity  and  ineffective

utilization of manpower. The solution to this ever-increasing problem lies in

the effective use of Information Technology. Crime Tracking Information

System uses computer-generated records as an interface for integrating and

accessing massive amounts of location-based information.

 

 

 

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Crime  tracking  system  allows  police  personnel  to  plan  effectively  for

emergency  response,  determine  mitigation  priorities,  analyses  historical

events, and predict future events. Crime tracking system helps identify

potential suspects to increase investigators suspect base when no leads are

evident.  The  ability  to  access  and  process  information  quickly  while

displaying it in a spatial and visual medium allows agencies to allocate

resources quickly and more effectively. In the ?mission-critical‘ nature of

law  enforcement,  information  about  the  location  of  a  crime,  incident,

suspect, or victim is often crucial to determine the manner and size of the

response.  Crime  tracking  software  helps  co-ordinate  vast  amounts  of

location-based data from multiple sources. It enables the user to layer the

data and view the data most critical to the particular issue or mission.It is used world over by police departments, both large and small, to provide

solutions for crime analysis, criminal tracking, traffic safety, community

policing, Intranet/Internet mapping, and numerous other tasks.

Crime tracking system helps crime officers determine potential crime sites

by examining complex seemingly unrelated criteria and displaying them all

in an interface. It also helps them map inmate populations, fixtures, and

equipment to provide for the safety of inmates by separating gang members,

identifying  high-risk  or  potentially  violent  inmates,  and  identifying

hazardous locations in an area. It reduces the potential for internal violence

 

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by providing better command and control. Traditionally, these activities have been supported by paper and pen. Police officers now have the ability to immediately generate crime report directly relevant to the situation at hand. Police agencies collect vast amounts of data from many sources including  called-for-services, arrests,  first  information  reports  and  daily report. The same information provides a powerful decision making tool for investigators, supervisors, and administrators.

1.2     Statement of Problem

The Nigerian Police, which is used as a case study, has an existing criminal Tracking System, but this system is not automated. The documentation of criminal records is done on paper and pen. The storage of these criminal records is not something to write home about.

Case files are dumped in heaps while some are kept on shelves. With the

moldy nature of the state such important documents quickly get dusty and

because of lack of proper storage, some criminal documents are seriously

damaged by rats that feed on them. With this kind of situation, it becomes

highly difficult if not impossible to track down known criminal, access past

criminal history of a suspect and know the status of some concluded cases.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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1.3      Purpose of the project

The project intends to computerize the existing Criminal Tracking System at the Nigerian Police. Specifically, the project will accomplish the following:

1) Design and develop a central database system that would serve as

statewide repository of criminal data. The smaller database system

at the sub-police station will be networked to the central database

to access criminal data on cases not handled at the local station.

This database system will be updated by local police station within

the state as well as the police headquarters. (acting as a criminal

data collection centers)

2)      The central database system will be resident on a server at the

police headquarter and will be linked to both the local police station  and  the  Central  Criminal  Registry  via  a  client-  server between  station  as  well  as  Criminal  Justice,  the  rendering  of Criminal Justice.

3)      The database system will capture detailed information about crime

suspect right from the time the crime was reported at the police

down  to  the  point  the  suspect  appears  before  the  court  for

 

prosecution as thereafter.

4)      The systems will posses features that will enable criminal data to

5)      be purged from the system, updated and queried.

 

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1.4      Justification

Implementation of a crime information system by the Nigerian police will

 

help the police and the masses to get useful information on individuals with

crime records. The system developed will among other things:

1. Maintain a database of all crime records

 

1. Enable a quick search on the database to retrieve crime information
2. Enable Nigerian police to track previous crimes committed by   a

suspect

1. Make crime control easier for the police

 

 

 

1.5     Scope of the project

Basically any Criminal Tracking System as an integral part of the Criminal

 

Justice Information System consists of three major sections, that is:

1. a) The Criminal Identification Division
2. b) The Magistrate Segment, and

 

1. c) The prisons.

However, because of lack of time, funding and the scope of the system, the project was limited to the development and implementation of software –

base criminal tracking information system that will automate the processes involved in tracking down criminals by the Nigerian Police.

 

 

 

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1.6     Limitation of the Project

Due to time and financial constraint, I was unable to visit few of the police

stations in Nigeria to gather information on the existing crime information

system. Few police stations were visited and the information gathered

from the officers in charge forms the basis for the design of the new

system.

The project did not cover the Prison and the Magistrate Segment, which could also be automated.

 

 

 

 

1.7  Project Report Organization

The project is organized as follows;-

Chapter one introduces the project; the background of the project is also discussed.  The  objectives  of  the  project,  its  significance,  scope,  and constraints are pointed out.

A brief history of the Nigerian police and review of literature on Criminal Tracking System are subject matter of Chapter two.

Chapter three discusses system Analysis and design. It deals with detailed

investigation and analysis of the existing system and problem identification.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Chapter four covers the system implementation, testing and integration

Chapter  five  was  the  summary  of  findings,  limitations  of  the  project, recommendations,  bill  of  engineering  measurement  and  evaluation conclusion, bibliography, appendix A and Appendix B of the project.

 

 

1.8     Definition of Terms

Crime:  A  normative  definition  views  crime  as  deviant  behavior  that violates  prevailing  norms –  cultural  standards  prescribing  how  humans ought to behave normally

Criminalization: One can view criminalization as a procedure deployed by society  as  a  pre-emptive,  harm-reduction  device,  using  the  threat  of punishment as a deterrent to anyone proposing to engage in the behavior causing harm.

FIIB: Federal Investigation and Intelligence Bureau IGP: Inspector General of Police

DIG: Deputy Inspector General

FCID:  Force  Criminal  Investigation  Department  (FCID)  is  the  highest investigation arm of the Nigeria Police NPF.