INTRODUCTION
The cucumber most likely originated in India (south foot of the Himalayas), or possibly Burma, where the plant is extremely variable both vegetative and in fruit characters. It has been in cultivation for at least 3000 years. From India the plant spread quickly to China, and it was reportedly much appreciated by the ancient Greeks and Romans. The Romans used highly artificial methods of growing the cucumber when necessary to have it for the Emperor Tiberius out of season.
Roman Empire was the place where cucumbers were truly embraced by both nobility and lower classes. The ease of production and wide variety of types and tastes ensured that cucumbers remained popular in Italy for several centuries. In addition to eating, cucumbers were also widely used as a source of several medicinal remedies (both cultivated and wild cucumbers of cucumbers were used for creation of over various 40 remedies). They treated everything from bad eyesight, scared mices, cured scorpion bites, and carried around wastes by wives who wished to have children. The most famous example of cucumbers fascination in Ancient Rome came during the short reign of Emperor Tiberius (14 – 16 AD) who demanded to eat cucumber on every day of the year. During summer special gardens were tended just for his vegetables, and in winter cucumber was grown on moveable bed frames that were moved to be exposed to the sun, or illuminated with the mirror-stones.
Age of Discovery proved to be a very important factor of spreading cucumber all across the word. Christopher Columbus brought cucumbers to Haiti in 1494 where they were grown by Spanish settlers and distributed further across New World. During 16th century, European trappers in North America introduced cucumbers to the native Indians in the region of Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains. Those tribes quickly saw the potential and nutritious value of cucumbers and watermelons, integrating them into immediately into their fields.
In 2010 worldwide cucumber production was 57.5 million tons, with majority of the world’s production and export being located in China (40.7 million tons).
Most of the distinct types of cucumber grown today were known at least 400 years ago. Present forms range from thick, stubby little fruits, three to four inches long, up to the great English greenhouse varieties that often reach a length of nearly two feet.
The health benefits of cucumber include:
1.1.2   Skin benefits of cucumber
Most of the hair care and skin care products are manufactured using cucumber as one of its main ingredients. The raw fruit is also used in many beauty parlours in facial processes to reduce wrinkles and puffiness around the eyes. Some of the major skin benefits of cucumber are:
1.1.3 Cucumber benefits for hair
Other uses of cucumber include:
However, cucumbers are not entirely reaction free; they do have some side effects. Some of these are:
1.2 Statement of Experimental Problems
The traditional system of restoring soil fertility through shifting cultivation in most African countries is giving way to continuous cropping on the same land which is due to limited available arable land for cultivation; this has resulted in gradual depletion of the soil fertility and crop yield (Ojeniyi et al., 2008). The invention of chemical/inorganic fertilizers has allowed man to raise soil productivity higher than could be attained by relying on natural recycling process. Many studies of various crops have shown significant advantages of applying inorganic fertilizers (Akinride, 2006). However, very little or no information existed in Nigeria on the response of cucumber to soil amendment either using organic or inorganic fertilizer. There is therefore the urgent need to evaluate the response of cucumber varieties to fertilizer application.
Cucurbitaceae family to which cucumber is an important member of fruit vegetables all over the world. It is one of the largest groups and its wide adaptation to wider environment ranging from acid to the humid tropic makes it a universal crop (Bates et al., 1990).
Cucumber is a major fruit crop that is eaten raw, cooked among many beneficial uses. It serves as a major source of vitamins; still it is low in productivity owing to several factors, with nutrient/water observed to be the limiting factor (Ayatamuno et al., 2007). Currently with improved standard of living and increasing population, there is high demand for exotic food materials of which cucumber is one.
However, the quantity been produced cannot meet the consumers demand (Opara et al 2012). Many studies of various crops have shown significant advantages of applying inorganic fertilizers (Akinride, 2006). It is important to know the appropriate rate of application of fertilizer as improper use can cause toxicities (Morteza 2010).
Hence there is need to evaluate the possibility of increasing production of cucumber using inorganic fertilizer.
1.4 Objective of the study
It is therefore the objectives of the study to:
(i) evaluate the effect of different rates of inorganic fertilizer using NPK 20:10:10, on the growth and yield parameters of cucumber,
(ii) evaluate varietal responses to treatment application under a southern Guinea savanna agro ecology