INTRODUCTION
Soap can be defined as the sodium or potassium salts of fatly acids containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms which are either soluble or insoluble.
They are also salts of acids. There are two classes of soaps namely had and soft soap. The nature depends on the metallic radical in the alkali used in the production.
They are characterized by the well known soap like properties of lowering the surface tension of water, foaming assisting wetting and emulsification and promoting list removed or detergency.
By virtue of their dirt removing pro properties such soaps may correctly be deseribed as detergents.
An advantage which the detergent posses in common over soap in that they are not precipitated by the calcium and magnesium salts present in herd water.
Soaps and detergents belong to the general class of substances known as surface-active agents or surfactants. They are substances which when dissolved in a solvent even at very low concentration have the prosperity of lowering the surface energy and hence altering the surface behaviors of the solvent to an extreme degree. this phenomenon of surface- activity may be exhibited in aqueous system.
May types of oil and fat can be used too the production of soap but the project is limited to the use of palm kernel oil. Different concentrations of sodium hydroxide concentration to get the best blend of soap.
The characteristics of the soap produced such as texture, odour, later and other properties would be obtained as it will save as a quality control means and it will instill some confidence to the consumers.
In this work, high quality industry soap can be produced using palm kernel oil. It therefore entails working out the soap the soap thermals and using the formulations to produce soap which is to be compared with the detergent.
The soap so produced will be tested to determine their various physical and chemical qualities. In the other way, high quality detergent can be produced using sulphonated linear alkyl benzene.
Generally, we are going to formulation and compare the industrial bar soap and detergent.