Abstract
This research focuses on Manpower Planning and Development as an
effective fool for Achieving Original Goals, using star paper Mill Ltd Aba as
the case study. The problems of this study are numerous, to which one is the
absence of administrative control in achieving the overall approved
programs. The objective of this study is to map out enough manpower
planning time and skills that will help manager gather information that will
help them after ascertaining the organization manpower planning resources.
The findings of this study showed that adequate finance is needed mauled
for field work, and also that previous manpower plan serves as a good basis
in determining new manpower plan. Therefore, it is discovered through the
data analysis which was questionnaire that manpower planning has an effect
in achieving organizational goals and objectives. The descriptive approach
of research design which was used enabled the researcher to gather analysis
and interpret the set of data
1.0 INTRODUCTION:
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
Manpower planning and development is the first and the
most important function of management. The essence of manpower planning
and development involves a critical analysis of the supply, demand, surplus,
shortage and utilization of human resources. It is important to note that
manpower planning is often taken as the most important resources of an
organization because through it, other resources (material and financial) are
harnessed to meet the need of man.
The economic development of a country depends on the quality and
quantity of its resources, the state of technology and efficient deployment of
resources in both production and consumption process.
Most organizations today is facing problems because they did not plan
for their workforce neither do they have any systematic human resources
management programs that consider organizational goals.
Planning is the first and most important function of management. The
essence is to prepare for and predict future events. Planning goes beyond
attempting to attain stated organizational objectives. It involves the
development of strategy and procedures required for effective realization of
the entire plan.
One of the major problems confronting management in any
organization is the most effective way of matching people with jobs. The
process by which management attempt to provide for the human resources or
manpower to accomplish its task is called “manpower planning”.
The concept of manpower planning has been given different definition
by different authors. Malthus and Jackson (1992) see manpower planning as
the process of analyzing and identifying the need for the availability of
human resources so that the organization can meet its human resources
objectives.
Griffin (1997) sees human resources planning as a plan which involves
accessing trends, forecasting the supply, demand for labour and the
development of appropriate strategy for addressing any differences.
Ehegbunna (1992), sees manpower planning as having the right
person in the right number, in the right place and at the right time.
Olutola (1986), when manpower planning is mentioned, it generally
refers to the projection of future requirement for a given number of people
with specific skill to meet the demand of various sector of the economy.
Ogunniyi (1992), in handling manpower planning said that it is a
concept that involves critical analysis of supply, demand, surplus, shortage,
wastage, and utilization of human resources.
Manpower planning is necessary in all organization because it is
required for recruitment. Without it, it would be difficult to know the
number of personnel’s required for recruitment.
Manpower planning and development helps measurement to
determine:
(a) Number of employees
(b) The level of experience each must possess
(c) Their salary scale
(d) The best way to utilize them in an activity which practice increase
skills.
Star Paper Mill Ltd was incorporated as a paper connoting company
in 1997. Now, the company operates thru (3) factories which includes
stationary plant at Umungasi (Aba); the recycling and conversion plant at
Owerrinta and the Ibadan conversion plant. It also has liaison offices in
Lagos, Ibadan, Kaduna, Kano, Suleja and Onitsha.
The premier plant located at Aba, produces school exercise books of
different types and a wide range of stationary. It has an installed capacity of
25,000 metric tones per annum which translates into 38 million envelops of
various sizes and colours. Other products include typing sheets, duplication
papers and fullscap files. The cement percentage utilization is about 75
percent.
The second factory was commissioned in 1984 as a waste paper
recycling plant, with an installed capacity of 10 metric tones of tissues paper
in jumbo reels per day. By 1992 a new paper machine was installed with the
capacity of 15 metric tones of tissues paper per day, presently, the Owerrinta
plant has a total capacity of 60 metric tones per day. This paper utilizes
waste paper and paper off cuts as its main sources of raw materials and that
constitutes 90% both in volume and in naira value of the plant requirement
locally sourced. In this plant also exists a toilet rolls production line which
utilizes the jumbo reels as inputs and produces 140, 000,000 units of toilet
rolls, paper napkins per year. This in effect positions the company as the
largest producer of toilet rolls and tissue products in the country, with
marketing outlets throughout the entire country. This plant just
commissioned a new product line sanitary towel for ladies with the brand
name of “every woman” becomes a new addition to the stable.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
This project is carried out to examine the impact of manpower
planning and development in relation to the achievement of organizational
objectives. Despite the emphasis being laid on effective and efficient
manpower planning and development, an organization still faces more
problems in manpower planning and development.
Among the problems are as follows;
(i) There is increase of waste of materials, time and money in the
organization.
(ii) There is unnecessary breakdown in organizational operations.
(iii) There are no clear-cut policies for the guidance and co-operations of
all personnel who are accountable for day to day executive decision.
(iv) There are no interpretations of what each segment of the organization
must do so that every function will be integrated with all related
activities and this resulted to gaps and duplications of work.
(v) There is no established administrative control in order to assume the
attainment of desired results in conformity with approved objective,
policies and programmes.
(vi) There is no clarity results desired, criteria and schedules so that every
manager in the system will know what is expected of the organization
as a whole and his department.
(vii) There is inter-departmental conflict and this resulted to staff
alienation.
(viii) There is confusion, misunderstanding and conflict about roles and
responsibilities of people employed in the organization.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
The objectives of this study include among other things;
(i) To ascertain how previous manpower plan are used to prepare new
manpower plan for the future.
(ii) To ascertain the organization’s manpower planning and development
resources.
(iii) To verify adequate information needed in the organization in the
manpower planning and development time and skill.
(iv) To map out enough manpower planning and development time and
skill that will help managers gather sufficient information that will
help them in the organization.
(v) To ascertain whether adequate financial resources are provided for
the manpower planners.
(vi) Using manpower planning and development to arrest the problems of
the firms.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTONS:
(i) Is adequate time frame needed in preparations of organizational
manpower planning and development?
(ii) Does manpower planning and development require adequate financial
resources?
(iii) Does previous manpower planning and development serve as basis in
determining the future manpower planning and development?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:
(i) Adequate time frame is needed in preparing effective manpower
planning and development plan.
(ii) Adequate finance is required in preparing and implementing effective
manpower planning and development.
(iii) Previous manpower planning and development serve as good basis in
determining the future manpower planning and development.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
It is believed that this study when completed will be
beneficial to the followings;
Firstly, the study will be of immense benefit to the company under,
study – Star Paper Mill Ltd, Aba. It will help them know that they have to
consult the previous manpower planning and development plan before
determining whether to prepare new manpower planning and development.
Secondly, the study shall be of great help to managers in gathering
information that will help them while planning for the manpower and its
development.
Thirdly, this study will serve as an aid academically to widen the
knowledge of the researcher in the field of business and it will serve as a
reference source by future researchers.
Lastly, this study will also help the government in making their
manpower planning and development budget estimates on yearly bases.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY:
It will not be economically wise to regard the entire firms in Aba as
the case study of the project. Consequently, this study was limited to Star
Paper Mill Ltd, Aba Branch of the Company. In the conviction that Aba as a
main branch truly represents the firm operationally and administratively.
Thus, the information obtained was based on the answers received from
questionnaires with the staff.
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:
The are problems encountered by the researcher in the course of
generating data for this project and they are;
(i) Secrecy of Respondents: The high rate of secrecy manifested by
respondents in releasing of information as concerns the operations of
the organizations contributed to the limitations of this study.
(ii) Ignorance: Ignorance manifested it self in this study, it was most
disappointing that even graduates who occupied responsible posts
were among the respondents that needed a lot of persuasions before
they agree to complete the questionnaires, others needed a lot of
persuasions before they agree to complete the questionnaires. Some
misplaced theirs which the researcher had to call several times at
some for the collection of the completed and had to be rejected.
(iii) Bureaucratic Red Tape: The researcher was made to call several times
at the offices of the personnel manager and company secretary for the
necessary permission. It was not an easy task for the researcher to set
what was really needed for the work. But with the help of some staff
of the company, the researcher was able to obtain the necessary
information.
(iv) Finance: Finance constraint was another problem faced by the
researcher in the course of the study. As a result of the poor state of
the economy, costs of almost everything especially transport had
increased drastically. This made the researcher encounter heavy
financial difficulties as a result of insufficient fund to meet the high
cost of stationary and printing of study involved.
(v) Time: The time frame within which this work was allowed was quite
limited for an intensive as well as extensive work to be accomplished
and so forms a constraint on the work.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS:
MANAGEMENT: This is a social process entailing responsibilities
for the effective and economical manpower and development and regulation
of the operations of an enterprise, in fulfillment of a given purpose or task,
such as responsibility involving;
(a) Judgment and decision in determining plans and development of data
procedures to assist, control of performance and progress against
manpower planning and development.
(b) The guidance, integration, motivation and supervision of the
personnel composing the enterprise and carrying out it’s operations.
DECISION MAKING: This is the manpower planning and
development process which involves selecting the
best course of action for accomplishing stated
objectives from the possible alternatives.
POLICIES: A policy is a guide to the actions and decisions of
people.
PROCEDURES: A series of related steps that are to be followed
in an established order to achieve a given purpose.
RULE: A statement that either prescribes or prohibits action by
specifying what an individual may or may not do
in a specific situation.
PRODUCTIVITY: Productivity is a measure of an enterprise ability to
produce more goods and services with less input
(people, materials, money and information) and
thus less cost.