INTRODUCTION
In the Petroleum Industry, Crude Oil and the products from it exist generally in liquid or gaseous forms. Accurate measurement of the Crude Oil and the Products, which are bulk fluids, is of prime importance, such accuracy obviates disputes about receipts into terminal storage and on deliveries to customers, while promptly alerts operators to unnecessary products losses.
Large volumes of Refinery/Petrochemical Products are manufactured at a time and transferred into storage tanks within the plants as either intermediate or finished products. Both are transferred from plant storage either for further processing or by Sea, Rail, Road, or Pipeline to end users. It therefore becomes important to monitor and establish the quantities transferred.
The different modes of transfer and storage suggest various ways and means of measuring the volumes of fluids under movement. In the process of measurement certain parameters especially Temperature, Densities/Specific Gravities play such important roles, that tables that are concerned with the effect of temperature on volumes, specific gravities or densities, for example, have been complied jointly by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) and Institute of Petroleum (IP) of United Kingdom.
It is of great importance to maintain the quality of products throughout various phases of the distribution network from the Refinery to consumers. The Refineries manufacture Petroleum Products to specification standards approved by the Standard Organization of Nigeria. The Oil marketing companies also have established procedures for handling various grades of Petroleum Products to prevent contamination with other grades, water or sediments. The petroleum Inspectorate therefore monitors the operations of the Refineries to ensure that products manufactured meet specification standards and are accurately accounted for through joint participation in all stock taking exercise.
The petroleum Inspectorate also monitors shipment of these products by Sea, Rail, Road and network of Pipeline to bulk Storage Deposits. The activities of the oil marketing companies are monitored to ensure correct volume of products are sold at approve prices and that products sold meet specification standards.
1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This research work was carried out to determine pipeline products marketing company from a laboratory analysis point of view at various depot operations.
The scope of this research work is laboratory analysis of depot operations like reception, storage, measurement and in pipeline products marketing company.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
This research report shall serve as an authority for further researches in topics related to the subject matter.
1.4PROBLEM STATEMENT
The challenge to monitor the operations of petroleum products from the points of production to the point of consumption is a task that must be carried out to save various degrees of loss. The loss can be viewed from production perspective and from the final consumers’ perspective as well.
Therefore the need of a prior result about pipeline product constituents is always of essence, thus the actual importance of laboratory analysis of depot operations to ensure high standards and product quality control.
1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS
PPMC – Pipeline Products Marketing Company
ASTM – American Society for Testing Materials
IP – Institute of Petroleum
PMS – Premium motor spirit
DPK – Dual purpose kerosene
AGO – Automotive gas oil
etc