Abstract
This project analysed the contributions of women organisations in the
community development in mbaise Local Government Area in imo
state.semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 120
randomly selected women from the chosen communities. Data
analysis were achieved using simple descriptive statistics as
percentages, frequency tables and ranking. Result of the study shows
that women organisations for the purpose of community development
in the study area are formed at different levels (community and
village) and along different ties (religious,family and social). There
was a remarkable high involvement rate of women organisations in
the provision of infrastructural amenities as renovation/furnishing of
town halls/equipment of village schools and churches, and provision
of communal environmental sanitation services. other development
programmes include those aimed at economic and educational
empowerment of women and community youths such as;provision of
gr
1.1 Background to the study
It is a truism the adage that says; behind every successful man is a
woman. Women have been regarded as fragile and should be subordinate to the
man but they can play very important role for the betterment of the society.
This fragile nature has proved her taking domineering influence on many
occasions in the history of mankind. Across the country, women have created
innovative, comprehensive programs to meet the needs of their communities.
Women have established themselves as leaders in the community development
process and acquire the skills that have brought positive changes to their
communities. As effective builders of social capital, Christian women leaders
play key roles in establishing and maintaining important relationships and
networks in their communities.
They are facing the challenges of racial, culture, economic and political
barriers that exist in the community development process and in many cases
overcoming those barriers become their motivation. While their comprehensive
approach has influenced the evolution of the community development field,
Christian women’s contributions have been neither widely acknowledged nor
explicitly credited. The result of the Christian women groups in community
development study provide deeper insights into women’s thinking about
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community development, the barriers they perceive to women’s leadership and
the kind of efforts that should be made to facilitate and promote their status and
roles in the field. Christian women groups demonstrate variety of effective
ways women create social capital that is central to the existence of healthy
communities. In fact, the contributions of Christian women groups in
community development projects can bring about significant positive
changes. Thus, Christian’s women groups have been proved to be one of the
effective entry point for initiating activities or development projects in the
community that are beneficiary to all the members of the community
(Chiwendu, 1980). Therefore, for effective development to occur, their
contributions need not be disputed.
1.2 Statement to the Problem
The cultural beliefs that the education of a woman ends in the kitchen,
makes it almost impossible for males to see the immense contributions of
women groups to the community development. For example, through picture
books, girls are taught to have low aspirations because there are so few
opportunities portrayed as available to them. It is believed that men’s work is
outside the home and women’s work is inside the home. For example we see
women at home washing dishes, cooking, cleaning, yell at the children, takes
care of babies, and does the shopping, while men are store keepers, house
builders, storytellers, monks, preachers, fishermen, policemen, fighters,
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soldiers, adventurers, judges, farmers and pilots. They were also the king and
the gods.
Within the traditional African society, women from almost all the ethnic
group were excluded from performing certain activities, especially those that
concern leadership and other hand and significant activities like construction
works and clergy roles, these were considered as men’s domain. The exclusion
of women from some of these activities are due to the socio-cultural factors
constraining them from participating in activities that were considered to be
exclusively for men (William, 1973).
Furthermore gender inequality contributes to the low contribution of
women to community development. Many a times, we hear the men ask,
“Don’t you know you are a woman? This question is due to the systematic
gender bias in customs, beliefs and attitudes that confine women mostly to the
domestic sphere and not in certain matters expected to be in the men’s domain.
Also, the economic and domestic workloads deprived women of time to
contribute to community development.
Finally laws and customs also impede women’s access to credit,
productive inputs, employment, education, information and politics. These
factors affect women’s ability and incentives to contribute in economic and
social development activities in the community. The purpose of this research is
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to find out the contributions of Christian women’s groups to community
development, since it is believed that “what a man can do, a woman can do
better”. The challenges facing them in their bid to contribute will also be
reviewed.
1.3 Research questions
1. What are the challenges facing the Christian women Groups in their
contributions to community developments?
2. How do Christian Women Groups contribute to community
development?
3. What are the ways in which Christian Women Groups could be
encouraged to contribute to community development?
4. How do Christian Women Group generate their income for community
development projects?
5. What are the objectives of Christian Women Groups?
1.4 Objectives of the study
This research work was an intensive field-based examination of the
contributions of Christian Women Groups in community development
activities. All its objectives include:
1. To find out the challenges facing the Christian Women Groups in their
bid to contribute to community development.
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2. To find out how Christian Women Groups contribute to community
development.
3. To identify strategies for meaningful contribution of Christian Women
Groups to community development.
4. To find out the extent Christian Women Groups generate their income
for community development projects.
5. To find out the objectives of the Christian Women Groups.
1.5 Significance of the study
This study will be of help to future researchers in the area study. It will
also add to the already existing knowledge on the contributions of Christian
Women Groups to community development. The feminist will benefit from the
study will help them advocate well on women rights and sexual equality.To
politicians, it will help them to provide for their citizens the fact needs they
have long waited for.
To policy that matches the rapid changes which exist in the
community.Finally, to teachers, it will help them lay their hands on more
materials to teach in respect of the topic in focus.
1.6 Definition of concepts
The basic concepts that will be defined in this research work includes:
Christian, Community, Community development, Contribution, Development,
and Group Women.
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Christian: According to the Good News Bible, the word Christian was first
used at Antioch to refer to those who believe in our Lord Jesus Christ (Acts
chapter 11:26(). Also, the Oxford Dictionary of Current English defined
Christian as one following Christ teaching, believing in or following the
religion of Christ, showing the associates qualities. It refers to the adherent of
Christianity.
Community: Ezeh (1999), defined community as a place in which people live
(village, cities, etc) or reflecting a population group bearing similar
characteristics (rural dwellers, urban residents, order people; children and
young adults, etc). Bensman (1994) defined community as a relatively small
isolated center with a stable population, in which all economic and social
services necessary to life can be maintained. Also Igbo and Anugwom
(2001:20) defined community as a population which occupies a given area and
shares similar system of rules and regulations to a group of people, residing in
a given geographical location, who share the same culture, identity and
ideology, who are interacting with each other.
Community development: according to the United Nation Organization
(Ux10), community development is defined as the process by which the efforts
of the people themselves are united with those of the governmental authorities
to improve the economic, social and cultural life of the people to integrate the
community into the life of the nation and to enable them to contribute fully in
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National progress. Ezeh (1999) defined it as the various strategies and interpositions through co-ordinate actions of the communities’ members in order to
usher in for the people Social and Economic development. It is an effort geared
towards achieving the solution of community problem.
Contribution: According to the Oxford Dictionary of current English,
contribution is the act of contributing. Contribution is derived from the word
contribute, which means to give (time money, etc) towards a common purpose.
In this context, contribution is referred to as the time money, support, material
etc directed towards community development projects by the Christian Women
Groups in mbaise.
Development: Ezeh (1999) sees development as when there is an upward
movement from one position to another overtime especially where the
movement is a positive one. It consists of the process of bringing out the
capabilities of possibilities of a phenomenon to a more advanced or effective
state.
According to Della (2000:370) development is the gradual growth of
something so that it becomes advanced or bigger. In this research work,
development would refer to the gradual increase in infrastructural foundations
of a community for the wellbeing of the community members.
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Groups: The word groups are used to refer to number of persons or things
located close together. It refers to number of people working together. In this
research work, groups will refer to the number of Christian Women, working
together, to contribute meaningfully to the community development projects in
their communities.
Women:The word “Women” is a plural word, meaning more than one woman.
It refers to two adult t females, group of adult females and women groups’
organization. According to Hornby (2000:1372), a Woman is referred to as
adult female human beings. Also, the Oxford Dictionary of current English
sees Woman as an adult human female, the female sex, wife or girl friend. But
in this context, Women would refer to all the adult females in the Christian
Churches under-study. It is usually used to refer to married Christian mothers.