CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
One of the means of measuring the performance of an organization’s management is its efficiency. Efficiency reliable to the optimum utilization of inputs to derive the best achievable outputs.
An efficient manager executes his responsibilities with the last resources and maximum output to accomplish the organizational goals.
An important goal of a profit oriented organizational is to operate at a profit. However, if how effort to generate maximum revenue is not cost efficient, it will only be more difficult to achieve the goals. As strategies are employed to maximum returns on one hand, it is of equal importance for the management to institute conscious and methodical programmes that would assist in controlling and reducing the resources input in order that the revenue will not be totally consumed by astromical expenses.
We thus discussed the two techniques that could assist management to maximize cost namely: Cost control and Cost reduction techniques. For the purpose of this study, we shall call then cost management techniques (CMS).
We viewed cost control to be an application of costing to enable management to compare actual cost with planned cost and to take any necessary corrective action before it is too late.
Before any control can be affected, standard or target of performance must be set against with actual cost can be measured, through this method inefficiency will be revealed.
Cost control can also be viewed to be an exercise in good house keeping that is avoiding a wasteful use of valuable resources and encouraging efficiency and cost consciousness.
In contrast, coat are too high, through cost control might be good cost.
Cost reduction, therefore is a planned and positive approach to reduce expenditure. These cost management techniques cost reduction.
Therefore is a good planned and positive approach to reduce expenditure.
These cost management techniques (C.M.T) could be utilities extensive by profit oriented organizations producing goods and service, provided that the economic and political climate is stable for growth.
This topic for this project is cost control and reduction techniques. Due to the lack of enough time, the research work is average. In the case, the various research problem formulated are in question forms.
These are.
The research objectives of the study therefore are to:
The study will shed more light on benefit to the professionals like architects, quantity surveyors and accountants. It will enlighten and bring about improvements.
The study will enlighten so many institutions to improve and not close town because this is an era of sky rocketing prices and inputs and unlike in the past, may commercial organizations and finance houses have closed down, below acceptable capacities due to high cost of inputs.
To survive therefore, it is not enough to deal with revenue aspect alone but also to keep costs an expense as minimal as possible.
The study will also give us more insight on invaluable assistance of the research work to NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY and other commercial organization involved in construction work. Human wants are unlimited and resources available are both disproportionately scare and also have alternative and competing uses. The situation is aggravated for a corporate body whose native now depends on the unstable and highly inflationary Nigeria economy to compute with this complex situation, the best has to of scare resources available.
The research questionnaires basically derived from the purpose of the study. They are formulated from relationship between variable or effect of one variable of one variable upon another.
The focus of this study by research work to identify cost control and reduction techniques in NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY. Hence, in the course of this study, effort has been made to find solution to the following research problem.
The scope of this research work is limited to Nigeria Bottling Company due to time constrain and unwillingness of the respondent in Nigeria Bottling Company.
More so, literature was reviewed on cost control and cost reduction technique and it was covered by the scope of the research work.
This project is limited to the natures of the data available at the case study which tends to place more emphasis on historical matters in the constantly enlarging aspects of the economy.
However, the research work has faced some constrain as like time, lack of recent and adequate material unwillingness of the respondents and the case study, to give true replies, lack of corporation of the case study. Limitation did not hinder effective completion and equally of the research work.
The research work will be divided into five chapters. Chapter one will have the background of the study, statement of the research problem, objectives of the study significance of the study, study plan and definitions of key terms.
Chapter two will treat cost control, cost reduction, effective cost control value analysis and engineering and appraisal of literature review.
Chapter three will discuss brief history of the case study, modes of data collection and analysis techniques.
While chapter four will contain introduction, data presentation, data analysis and findings.
Finally, chapter four will discuss the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
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COSTING: It is the technique or a process of ascertain cost. This is due cost which can be influenced by the action of a member of an organization and it is relevant to decision making and very important in measuring operational efficiency.
BUDGET: Is a financial and quantitative statement prepared and approved prior to a defined period of time of the policy to be pursed during the period for the purpose of attaining a given objective.
COST BEHAVIOUR: In relation to volume of activities is a measure of degree of responses of a cost item to a small charge in the level of activity.
COST CENTRE: It is a location person or items of equipment in respect of which cost may be ascertained and related to cost unit for control purpose.